google scholar for safari

Scholar Blog

• Scholar Button browser extension update

Scholar Button, released in 2015, provides easy access to Google Scholar from any webpage. You can use it to find fulltext on the web or in your university library, format references in widely used citation styles, repeat a web search in Scholar, or simply look up a reference to a paper.

We're releasing an update with several new features. The window that opens when you click Scholar Button used to look like this:

We added a "Save" star and moved the "Cite" button next to it, and added history navigation buttons to the bottom toolbar:

You can now save the article to read later - click the small blue star under the article to save it, or the big gray star at the bottom to see all saved articles in your Scholar library. The article is saved in your most recently accessed Scholar account; to use a different one, click the account photo in the upper right.

We've also added a back button! You can now easily undo query refinements that didn't work out, and even recover the window after you close it - just open it again and click back. Your Scholar Button history is stored locally in your browser for an hour; click the account photo in the upper right to clear it right away.

Finally, we have improved how Scholar Button identifies the webpage you're reading. Clicking the button while reading a PDF article should now find the article in Scholar, so you can cite it, save it, or explore related articles. If Scholar Button doesn't find the right article, please select its title on the webpage.

Scholar Button is currently available for Chrome and Firefox .

Posted by Belinda Shi, Kyu Jin Hwang, and Alex Verstak.

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University Library

Google scholar.

• Use Google Scholar via Database A-Z List
• Find Full-text Articles via Google Scholar Button

Obtain Full-text Articles Directly from Web or Google Scholar Searches

If you would like to obtain full-text articles directly from your web search results or your Google Scholar search results, you need to:

• Download the Google Scholar Button plug-in for your web browser
• Enable the Library link in your Google Scholar Settings

You can then:

• Obtain full-text articles from any of your web search results by highlighting the article title, or author, citation and then simply click on the Google Scholar Button;
• You will be taken directly to the article available from the Library's collection.

To do so, you only need to follow the following three steps illustrated on the right:

• Download the Google Scholar Button
• Add the Library Link to your Google Scholar Settings
• Search and access

Step 1 -- Download Google Scholar Button Plug-in

Google Scholar Button is a plug-in and is available for Firefox, Chrome and Safari.  You should download the plug-in for the browser you use frequently.

Step 2 -- Add Library Link in Your Google Scholar Settings

Now, you need to add our library link to your Google Scholar settings. 

• Go to Google Scholar ( scholar.google.com ), click Settings
• Click Library Links on the left, type in California State University, Los Angeles in the search box, and click the search button

Step 3 -- You Are Ready to Search and Access Full-text Articles

• The quotation mark on the upper right corner of the pop-up box takes you to the article citation in APA, MLA, or Chicago style, and you can export the citation to your citation management tool, such as, RefWorks.
• If you are off campus, you will be asked to login with your MyCSULA Identity ID and password to access the full-text article.
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• Last Updated: Mar 22, 2022 3:00 PM
• URL: https://libguides.calstatela.edu/googlescholar

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• Google Scholar

Google Scholar Button

How the Scholar Button Works

• Highlight a citation, article title, or author anywhere on any webpage.
• Click the Scholar Button in the browser
• Select the 360 Link button to check for full text of the article in the library's collection

Note:  If the 360 Link button is not displaying within Google Scholar, enable it by navigating to the "Library Links" feature found under Google Scholar settings. 

Installing Scholar Button

The plug-in works in the Firefox, Chrome, and Safari browsers.  To install the Scholar Button on your browser, you will need to do the following:

• Navigate to https://scholar.google.com/ OR use the link on the  AtoZ list  

• Click on "Button" found on the left side of the screen.
• Underneath the screenshot, click on the text "Install Scholar Button to look up papers as you browse."
• Depending on your browser, you will be taken to the site for downloading and installing browser plugins.
• Follow the steps to complete installation of the plugin.

Note:  If you use multiple browsers, you will need to install the button separately on each browser, if desired. 

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• Last Updated: Sep 18, 2024 8:49 AM
• URL: https://libraries.wichita.edu/electronicresources

Full-Text Article Access

• On and Off Campus Access to Full-text Articles
• Find It Online @UNL
• LibKey Nomad

Google Scholar UNL Links

Enabling google scholar unl library links, google scholar browser extension.

• Browzine This link opens in a new window

Google Scholar is a powerful search engine that uses Google's algorithms to search for academic literature such as journal articles, books, theses, preprints, and technical reports. Google Scholar results can now include links to UNL Libraries resources.

Google Scholar is connected to the University of Nebraska – Lincoln Libraries so you can get access to full-text articles on or off campus. 

The UNL Libraries link appears as:

These links will appear automatically if you are on UNL wireless, the VPN, or access Google Scholar through the Libraries supplied link available on the database page, which will authenticate you as affiliated with UNL.

You may also set your Google Scholar preferences for UNL Libraries, which allows you to go directly to Google Scholar and have access to UNL Libraries links.

Let's get started!

• Go to Google Scholar at: https://scholar.google.com

• Click "Library links," and then enter "University of Nebraska - Lincoln" in the search bar
• Select "University of Nebraska - Lincoln - Find It Online @ UNL" from the list
• Click "Save"

 Now, when you search Google Scholar, you will see a "Find It Online @ UNL" link next to any subscription resources that we have access to through the UNL Libraries!

The Google Scholar Button adds a browser button for easy access to Google Scholar from any web page. Click the Scholar button to:

• Find full text on the web or in the UNL Libraries. Select the title of the paper on the page you're reading, and click the Scholar button to find it.
• Transfer your query from web search to Scholar. Press the Scholar button to see the top three results; click "full screen" in the lower left of the popup to see them all. 
• Format references in widely used citation styles. Press the quote button in the popup to see a formatted reference and copy it into the paper you're writing.

Installing the Google Scholar Button Browser Extension

• Chrome : Open the Google Scholar Button Extension on the Chrome Web Store and select "Add to Chrome."
• Firefox : Open the Google Scholar Button Add-On in Firefox Browser Add-Ons and select "Add to Firefox."
• Follow any additional instructions to allow installation.
• Find the extension in your browser bar or under "Extensions" in your browser settings.
• After a search on Google, select the Google Scholar Button from your browser bar to see the pop-up reference above.
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• Last Updated: Feb 21, 2024 3:41 PM
• URL: https://unl.libguides.com/fulltext

• University Libraries
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• Alternative Access to Articles
• Need a Paper? Get a Plug-in!

Alternative Access to Articles: Need a Paper? Get a Plug-in!

• LibKey Nomad
• EndNote Click
• Unpaywall Extension
• Google Scholar Button

Finding the full text of articles can be tricky, but it doesn't have to be!

If you search for scholarly publications from off-campus or using tools like Google Scholar, you can use a browser plug-in to help locate the full text of the articles you need.

The best part? These plug-ins are FREE (and some can connect to UB subscriptions too)!

This Guide explores five free browser plug-ins that assist in finding the full text of scholarly articles. More plug-ins may exist, but the author of this Guide began this information guide by reviewing and using: LibKey Noman, EndNote Click (formerly known as Kopernio), the Google Scholar Button, and UnPaywall. The Guide will be updated if and when these plug-ins are updated.

So...which should you use?

With so many browser plug-in options, which one is right for you? They (mostly) offer the same services, so it could be a matter of personal preference. However, there are a few features to compare, which are outlined in the comparison chart below. All of the plug-ins are FREE to use! 

*Clarivate also owns Web of Science and EndNote, so if you have an account for one or both of these products, you can use the same login for EndNote Click (formerly Kopernio). IMPORTANT NOTE:  It might be beneficial to use more than one browser plug-in to search for full-text article access since they have different coverage. However, if you do use more than one, please be aware of the following potential issue:

• FIX: The EndNote Click pop-up offers an "X" to close the pop-up if you prefer to see the LibKey Nomad result.

• BrowZine This link opens in a new window UB’s online journals on a platform that enhances efficiency and allows user customization. More Info UB ONLY

Still hitting a paywall for article access? Don't pay!

If the article you need is not part of a UB subscription and is not available openly, use UB Libraries Delivery+ service to get the article. It's completely free for UB faculty, staff, and students! 

Simply log in with your UBIT name and password, then fill out a brief form for the item you need. Articles are delivered to you electronically!

Still running into trouble? Contact your subject librarian for additional help. We are here to help!

Questions about the content of this Guide? Contact the Guide owner Erin Rowley at [email protected] . 

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New Google Scholar Button makes research easier

• Discovery & Delivery

Click the Scholar button to:

• Find full text on the web or in your university library. Select the title of the paper on the page you’re reading, and click the Scholar button to find it.
• Transfer your query from web search to Scholar. Press the Scholar button to see top three results; click “full screen” in the lower left of the popup to see them all.

For example, in Firefox, highlight an article title and click the Google Scholar button on your toolbar. A box pops up with the located article. You can click the linked article title to go directly to the full text (if available). You can also click the UC-eLinks button which will link to the full text of the article, if available, or display links to check for the journal in your campus catalog or to request the article via UC-eLinks.

• Format references in widely used citation styles. Press the quote button in the popup to see a formatted reference and copy it into the paper you’re writing.

Click the gear icon at the bottom of the popup to configure Google Scholar Settings.

By installing this extension, you agree to the Google Terms of Service and Privacy Policy at https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/ .

Google Scholar Button: Why Google Scholar Button

• Browser Extensions
• Why Google Scholar Button
• How to install Google Scholar Button
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Why do you need Google Scholar Button?

Google Scholar Button 

• This broswer extension adds a browser button for easy access to Google Scholar from any web page. 
• After adding the button, select the title of the article on your web search, and click the Scholar button to find it. The button transfers your query from web search to Google Scholar. 
• Google Scholar Button works best on major browsers like Chrome, Edge, Firefox and Safari. 
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• Last Updated: Feb 1, 2021 5:17 PM
• URL: https://researchguides.smu.edu.sg/googlescholarbutton

Google Scholar

• What is Google Scholar?
• How do you use Google Scholar?
• Link to Jenks Library
• Advanced Searching
• Other Resources
• Creating Alerts
• Adding a Google Extension

Can I save resources through Google Scholar to look at later? Yes. Through the "My library" option, you can save all your resources in one place. It even lets you organize your resources by topic to make them easier to find. 

How do I create "My library"? Just make sure that you are signed in with a Google account to make sure that articles will save to your account. Don't have a Google account? That's okay, you can visit the Google Account Help page to learn how to create an account.

How do I save resources to "My library"? Each resource has a star icon underneath it, click it, and then choose "My library". 

How do I access my saved resources? You can access your library from the Homepage, located in the upper left corner, or on a results page, located in the upper right corner. 

I'm working on a long-term research project. Can I set up alerts to let me know when new articles are published on my topic of choice? Yes. By creating a specific search, you are able to create alerts to notify you when new articles are published that fit that search. Alerts are typically sent a couple times a week. You can use any email account to receive alerts. 

How do I set up alerts?  To set up alerts follow the steps below.

1. Make sure that you have refined your search so it brings back results that you like. 

2. Once you have a search string you like, click on "Create alert" on the left side of the screen. 

3. Input the email that you would like to use. This can be your personal Gmail account or your Gordon account or any other email account you want to use. Then click "Create Alert".

4. When new articles are published, they will be sent to your email. You can adjust your query at anytime. 

• Google Scholar - Alerts This help page from Google Scholar includes frequently asked questions about setting up alerts within Google Scholar and features easy to follow steps.

How do I add an extension to my browser for easy access to Google Scholar? 1. To add an extension to your web browser, go to your browser's app site. (Note: Safari does not have a Google Scholar extension.) 2. Click "add" or "download" and you should be all set to go.

Can Google Scholar help me create citations? Yes. Google Scholar has a quotations icon under each resource, shown below, that will open a window that includes standard citation styles like APA, MLA, and Chicago.

• Exporting Citations This Google Scholar help page explains how to export citations to your favorite bibliography manager, like Zotero.

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• Last Updated: May 11, 2023 12:12 PM
• URL: https://library.gordon.edu/google-scholar

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Google Scholar Button

1.4K ratings

Lookup scholarly articles as you browse the web.

This extension adds a browser button for easy access to Google Scholar from any web page. Click the Scholar button to: - Find full text on the web or in your university library. Select the title of the paper on the page you're reading, and click the Scholar button to find it. - Transfer your query from web search to Scholar. Press the Scholar button to see top three results; click "full screen" at the bottom of the popup to see them all. - Format references in widely used citation styles. Press the quote button below the result to see a formatted reference and copy it into the paper you're writing. - Save the article to your Scholar library, so you can read it or cite it later. Press the blue star below the result to save it, or the gray star at the bottom to see all saved articles. Library links work best when you're on campus. To configure them for off-campus use, visit Google Scholar Settings at https://scholar.google.com/scholar_settings (you may need to login with your library password or to set up your browser to use a library proxy; please visit your library's website or ask a local librarian for assistance). To search the US case law, click the gear icon at the bottom of the popup, and configure your preferred collection in Google Scholar Settings. By installing this extension, you agree to the Google Terms of Service and Privacy Policy at https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/.

4.6 out of 5 1.4K ratings Google doesn't verify reviews. Learn more about results and reviews.

Adan Makina Sep 11, 2024

Allow me to confer on Google Scholar the five star button as a medal honor for the hardwork and determination that elevated many struggling researchers of modern times. Thanks you and please keep up the good work.

Mrdavidlinbar Aug 26, 2024

Please develop dark mode just like Google search itself.

Google Scholar Button handles the following:

This developer declares that your data is.

• Not being sold to third parties, outside of the approved use cases
• Not being used or transferred for purposes that are unrelated to the item's core functionality
• Not being used or transferred to determine creditworthiness or for lending purposes

Scholar H-Index Calculator for Google Chrome™

Scholar H-Index Calculator enhances Google Scholar with bibliometric analysis tools and much more

AI Code Finder, Alerts, Ask Questions about Papers: CatalyzeX

🧑‍💻 Get code for AI & other research papers, create alerts, ask authors questions directly on Google, ArXiv, Scholar, PubMed, IEEE

Writefull for Overleaf

Writefull is automated proofreading for academic writing. This version of Writefull provides support for Overleaf.

Pubmed2Endnote

Converting selected PMID to Endnote

Mendeley Web Importer

Fast, convenient import of references and PDFs to your Mendeley Reference Manager library.

Zotero Connector

Save references to Zotero from your web browser

EndNote Click

Fast, one-click access to millions of research papers.

Scopus Document Download Manager

Scopus authenticated users can download PDF files directly from Scopus!

Science Research Assistant

Search for scientific information as quickly as possible while researching and writing scientific papers.

Google Scholar PDF Reader

Supercharge your paper reading: follow references, skim outline, jump to figures, cite and save.

easyScholar

显示各种文献排名，并且提供翻译、文献收藏功能，助力科研。

Overleaf textarea

This plugin displays your text in a textarea so you can use spellcheck plugins like Grammarly.

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Google scholar.

• Search and Cite
• Search Tips

Google Scholar   is a search engine that specifically searches for scholarly literature. It finds peer-reviewed articles, preprints, technical reports, books, theses, abstracts, and even patents and court opinions, from multiple sources.  These include academic publishers, university presses and repositories, professional societies, preprint repositories and the web. 

Before you start a search you should first set your preferences in the  Settings .

Google Scholar provides information about its features in their Search site. 

Interested in knowing more about Google Scholar?  Follow their blog .

• Visit Google Scholar at https://google.scholar.com

• Click on Languages if you need to change the default which is English for Google tips and messages, and for search results.

The Google Scholar Button is a browser plug-in that adds a Scholar button to your toolbar.  It works with Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge (and other Chromium-based browsers), and Safari. 

You can install the button as you would any other extension, but note that you can also do it from within the Google Scholar Settings:

Click on the Button link in the Scholar Settings and then click  Install Scholar Button to look up papers as you browse. 

Clicking the button allows you to find full text on the web or from your library.  Simply highlight a citation you find on a web page. Click on the Google Scholar button. Read the full text if UVA Library has a subscription. . You will see a pop up window with a list of the top 3 results. There are several options that allow you to expand the page, go to the article, and copy or download the citation. 

After you have changed the Settings and are linked to the UVA Library, you'll see that some of the content has links to an accessible copy.  Note that you can filter and sort by date, and include (by default) or exclude patents and citations using the left menu bar. I searched for the phrase 'Corporate social responsibility'. 

Click on the Find This@UVa Libraries and it will take you to the resource that is in a subscription database that we have access to. The other links will take you to freely accessible content from non-UVA sources.  This screen shot shows links to ResearchGate, Scientific Research (scirp.org), Springer, Cardiff University (cf.ac.uk), and Baria Vungtau University in Vietnam (bvu.edu.vn).

Let's look more closely at one of the resources:

The third one on the list is  Corporate social responsibility by D. Matten & J. Moon, which is from the Springer Journal of Business Ethics.  

After clicking on the article title  you will be taken to the Springer site where you can read the abstract and the references list.  

UVA Library subscribes to this Springer content (as you might infer from the presence of the Find This@UVA Libraries button), so you can download the paper (if you are on Grounds, or have turned on your VPN).

However, instead of clicking on the article title, you could simply click on the Find This@UVA Libraries link. This takes you to the UVA Journal Finder: Citation Link page, and for this particular article you have three options to access the article.

From the Springer page you can click on the journal title which will show you the Impact Factor, available year range, Volumes, Issues, number of articles, and how many of the articles are open access.  

You can now click on the author's name in the results list. That will take you to the Dirk Matten Google Scholar page.  You will see a list of all of his content, the year published, how often they were cited (and exceptions in counting), a list of all of his co-authors, and citation indices. There are also links to his home page and organizations or schools he is or has been affiliated with.   

Look at the links below the entry.  

Cited by 497: These are the articles or books that cited this article. Click the link to see the list.  Note that these resources also have links to freely accessible content (many at the UVA Library!) and from other sources.  They also have a link set below the entry. 

Related articles : These are articles, books, or other content that contain similar content to this article.  Note that these resources also have links to freely accessible content (many at the UVA Library!) and from other sources.  They also have a link set below the entry. 

All 16 versions : These are all versions of the original article. They may be preprints, conference presentations, abstracts, versions with a different title, or papers. 

Web of Science : Click on this link to go to the Web of Science page for this article.  There are 126 citing articles from the Web of Science Core Collection, and 145 in all databases. Each entry has a Find@UVa button and a View Abstract button. Each citation can be saved to citation management tools.  Select the one you prefer in the drop down list at the top of the page.

Import into RefWorks: Click this link to import the citation information into your RefWorks account.  You should have already set up this option when you were in the Settings page, and you will need to be logged into your RefWorks account. 

Cite: This will open a pop up window  showing the citation in several different formats including APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard and Vancouver.  There are also links to 4 citation management tools: BibTeX, EndNote, RefMan and RefWorks.

Library Search :  Click on this link to go to the OCLC WorldCat catalog. You should see this box if you have WorldCat listed in the 5 libraries in your Settings, and if you are also connected to the UVA Library.  Click Continue.

This will take you to the WorldCat page for the book that include this resource. You will see details about the work, including a table of contents, abstract, authors, and description.  There is a Find@UVa button, a link to show all editions and formats, and a link to show you all of the libraries worldwide that have this resource. This can be convenient if you are traveling and need a physical copy of the work. It is always good to know where you can find your sources.  It is a great tool for locating copies of other sources, too.

Full View:  Click this to go directly to the resource.  This article opens in JSTOR where it can be read, downloaded, or cited.  You can read the abstract and the references.  There is also information about the journal.  

Finding recent papers

Your search results are normally sorted by relevance, not by date. To find newer articles, try the following options in the left sidebar:

• click "Since Year" to show only recently published papers, sorted by relevance;
• click "Sort by date" to show just the new additions, sorted by date;
• click the envelope icon to have new results periodically delivered by email.

Locating the full text of an article

Abstracts are freely available for most of the articles. Alas, reading the entire article may require a subscription. Here're a few things to try:

• click a library link, e.g., "FindIt@UVa", to the right of the search result;
• click a link labeled [PDF] to the right of the search result;
• click "All versions" under the search result and check out the alternative sources;
• click "Related articles" or "Cited by" under the search result to explore similar articles.

Getting better answers

If you're new to the subject, it may be helpful to pick up the terminology from secondary sources. E.g., a Wikipedia article for "overweight" might suggest a Scholar search for "pediatric hyperalimentation".

If the search results are too specific for your needs, check out what they're citing in their "References" sections. Referenced works are often more general in nature.

Similarly, if the search results are too basic for you, click "Cited by" to see newer papers that referenced them. These newer papers will often be more specific.

Explore! There's rarely a single answer to a research question. Click "Related articles" or "Cited by" to see closely related work, or search for author's name and see what else they have written. 

These tips are from the Google Scholar help page.

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Reference management. Clean and simple.

Google Scholar: the ultimate guide

What is Google Scholar?

Why is google scholar better than google for finding research papers, the google scholar search results page, the first two lines: core bibliographic information, quick full text-access options, "cited by" count and other useful links, tips for searching google scholar, 1. google scholar searches are not case sensitive, 2. use keywords instead of full sentences, 3. use quotes to search for an exact match, 3. add the year to the search phrase to get articles published in a particular year, 4. use the side bar controls to adjust your search result, 5. use boolean operator to better control your searches, google scholar advanced search interface, customizing search preferences and options, using the "my library" feature in google scholar, the scope and limitations of google scholar, alternatives to google scholar, country-specific google scholar sites, frequently asked questions about google scholar, related articles.

Google Scholar (GS) is a free academic search engine that can be thought of as the academic version of Google. Rather than searching all of the indexed information on the web, it searches repositories of:

• universities
• scholarly websites

This is generally a smaller subset of the pool that Google searches. It's all done automatically, but most of the search results tend to be reliable scholarly sources.

However, Google is typically less careful about what it includes in search results than more curated, subscription-based academic databases like Scopus and Web of Science . As a result, it is important to take some time to assess the credibility of the resources linked through Google Scholar.

➡️ Take a look at our guide on the best academic databases .

One advantage of using Google Scholar is that the interface is comforting and familiar to anyone who uses Google. This lowers the learning curve of finding scholarly information .

There are a number of useful differences from a regular Google search. Google Scholar allows you to:

• copy a formatted citation in different styles including MLA and APA
• export bibliographic data (BibTeX, RIS) to use with reference management software
• explore other works have cited the listed work
• easily find full text versions of the article

Although it is free to search in Google Scholar, most of the content is not freely available. Google does its best to find copies of restricted articles in public repositories. If you are at an academic or research institution, you can also set up a library connection that allows you to see items that are available through your institution.

The Google Scholar results page differs from the Google results page in a few key ways. The search result page is, however, different and it is worth being familiar with the different pieces of information that are shown. Let's have a look at the results for the search term "machine learning.”

• The first line of each result provides the title of the document (e.g. of an article, book, chapter, or report).
• The second line provides the bibliographic information about the document, in order: the author(s), the journal or book it appears in, the year of publication, and the publisher.

Clicking on the title link will bring you to the publisher’s page where you may be able to access more information about the document. This includes the abstract and options to download the PDF.

To the far right of the entry are more direct options for obtaining the full text of the document. In this example, Google has also located a publicly available PDF of the document hosted at umich.edu . Note, that it's not guaranteed that it is the version of the article that was finally published in the journal.

Below the text snippet/abstract you can find a number of useful links.

• Cited by : the cited by link will show other articles that have cited this resource. That is a super useful feature that can help you in many ways. First, it is a good way to track the more recent research that has referenced this article, and second the fact that other researches cited this document lends greater credibility to it. But be aware that there is a lag in publication type. Therefore, an article published in 2017 will not have an extensive number of cited by results. It takes a minimum of 6 months for most articles to get published, so even if an article was using the source, the more recent article has not been published yet.
• Versions : this link will display other versions of the article or other databases where the article may be found, some of which may offer free access to the article.
• Quotation mark icon : this will display a popup with commonly used citation formats such as MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and Vancouver that may be copied and pasted. Note, however, that the Google Scholar citation data is sometimes incomplete and so it is often a good idea to check this data at the source. The "cite" popup also includes links for exporting the citation data as BibTeX or RIS files that any major reference manager can import.

Pro tip: Use a reference manager like Paperpile to keep track of all your sources. Paperpile integrates with Google Scholar and many popular academic research engines and databases, so you can save references and PDFs directly to your library using the Paperpile buttons and later cite them in thousands of citation styles:

Although Google Scholar limits each search to a maximum of 1,000 results , it's still too much to explore, and you need an effective way of locating the relevant articles. Here’s a list of pro tips that will help you save time and search more effectively.

You don’t need to worry about case sensitivity when you’re using Google scholar. In other words, a search for "Machine Learning" will produce the same results as a search for "machine learning.”

Let's say your research topic is about self driving cars. For a regular Google search we might enter something like " what is the current state of the technology used for self driving cars ". In Google Scholar, you will see less than ideal results for this query .

The trick is to build a list of keywords and perform searches for them like self-driving cars, autonomous vehicles, or driverless cars. Google Scholar will assist you on that: if you start typing in the search field you will see related queries suggested by Scholar!

If you put your search phrase into quotes you can search for exact matches of that phrase in the title and the body text of the document. Without quotes, Google Scholar will treat each word separately.

This means that if you search national parks , the words will not necessarily appear together. Grouped words and exact phrases should be enclosed in quotation marks.

A search using “self-driving cars 2015,” for example, will return articles or books published in 2015.

Using the options in the left hand panel you can further restrict the search results by limiting the years covered by the search, the inclusion or exclude of patents, and you can sort the results by relevance or by date.

Searches are not case sensitive, however, there are a number of Boolean operators you can use to control the search and these must be capitalized.

• AND requires both of the words or phrases on either side to be somewhere in the record.
• NOT can be placed in front of a word or phrases to exclude results which include them.
• OR will give equal weight to results which match just one of the words or phrases on either side.

➡️ Read more about how to efficiently search online databases for academic research .

In case you got overwhelmed by the above options, here’s some illustrative examples:

Tip: Use the advanced search features in Google Scholar to narrow down your search results.

You can gain even more fine-grained control over your search by using the advanced search feature. This feature is available by clicking on the hamburger menu in the upper left and selecting the "Advanced search" menu item.

Adjusting the Google Scholar settings is not necessary for getting good results, but offers some additional customization, including the ability to enable the above-mentioned library integrations.

The settings menu is found in the hamburger menu located in the top left of the Google Scholar page. The settings are divided into five sections:

• Collections to search: by default Google scholar searches articles and includes patents, but this default can be changed if you are not interested in patents or if you wish to search case law instead.
• Bibliographic manager: you can export relevant citation data via the “Bibliography manager” subsection.
• Languages: if you wish for results to return only articles written in a specific subset of languages, you can define that here.
• Library links: as noted, Google Scholar allows you to get the Full Text of articles through your institution’s subscriptions, where available. Search for, and add, your institution here to have the relevant link included in your search results.
• Button: the Scholar Button is a Chrome extension which adds a dropdown search box to your toolbar. This allows you to search Google Scholar from any website. Moreover, if you have any text selected on the page and then click the button it will display results from a search on those words when clicked.

When signed in, Google Scholar adds some simple tools for keeping track of and organizing the articles you find. These can be useful if you are not using a full academic reference manager.

All the search results include a “save” button at the end of the bottom row of links, clicking this will add it to your "My Library".

To help you provide some structure, you can create and apply labels to the items in your library. Appended labels will appear at the end of the article titles. For example, the following article has been assigned a “RNA” label:

Within your Google Scholar library, you can also edit the metadata associated with titles. This will often be necessary as Google Scholar citation data is often faulty.

There is no official statement about how big the Scholar search index is, but unofficial estimates are in the range of about 160 million , and it is supposed to continue to grow by several million each year.

Yet, Google Scholar does not return all resources that you may get in search at you local library catalog. For example, a library database could return podcasts, videos, articles, statistics, or special collections. For now, Google Scholar has only the following publication types:

• Journal articles : articles published in journals. It's a mixture of articles from peer reviewed journals, predatory journals and pre-print archives.
• Books : links to the Google limited version of the text, when possible.
• Book chapters : chapters within a book, sometimes they are also electronically available.
• Book reviews : reviews of books, but it is not always apparent that it is a review from the search result.
• Conference proceedings : papers written as part of a conference, typically used as part of presentation at the conference.
• Court opinions .
• Patents : Google Scholar only searches patents if the option is selected in the search settings described above.

The information in Google Scholar is not cataloged by professionals. The quality of the metadata will depend heavily on the source that Google Scholar is pulling the information from. This is a much different process to how information is collected and indexed in scholarly databases such as Scopus or Web of Science .

➡️ Visit our list of the best academic databases .

Google Scholar is by far the most frequently used academic search engine , but it is not the only one. Other academic search engines include:

• Science.gov
• Semantic Scholar
• scholar.google.fr : Sur les épaules d'un géant
• scholar.google.es (Google Académico): A hombros de gigantes
• scholar.google.pt (Google Académico): Sobre os ombros de gigantes
• scholar.google.de : Auf den Schultern von Riesen

➡️ Once you’ve found some research, it’s time to read it. Take a look at our guide on how to read a scientific paper .

No. Google Scholar is a bibliographic search engine rather than a bibliographic database. In order to qualify as a database Google Scholar would need to have stable identifiers for its records.

No. Google Scholar is an academic search engine, but the records found in Google Scholar are scholarly sources.

No. Google Scholar collects research papers from all over the web, including grey literature and non-peer reviewed papers and reports.

Google Scholar does not provide any full text content itself, but links to the full text article on the publisher page, which can either be open access or paywalled content. Google Scholar tries to provide links to free versions, when possible.

The easiest way to access Google scholar is by using The Google Scholar Button. This is a browser extension that allows you easily access Google Scholar from any web page. You can install it from the Chrome Webstore .

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• Reference work entry
• First Online: 01 January 2016
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• Moren T. Stone 3 &
• Lesego S. Stone 4  

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Safari is an overland expedition, commonly taken by tourists to the African continent to explore the culture , geography, scenery, and wildlife. It is linked to the development of national parks, and its origins can be traced back to the period of big game hunting expeditions in Southern and Eastern Africa during colonial rule (Anderson and Grove 1987 ). The centralized political and administrative institutions that emerged during the colonial era generated the preliminary socioeconomic and political environment which prompted and remained to shape safari tourism.

Originally, safari tourism focused on consumptive tours through game hunting, but currently such explorations may be dedicated to game viewing, filming, research, and photography . Safaris have evolved over time and have become economic drivers for many Eastern and Southern African countries, surpassing traditional industries such as farming. Safari experiences include guided, mobile, self-drive, walking, hiking, fly-in,...

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Anderson, D., and R. Grove 1987 The Scramble for Eden: Past, Present and Future in African Conservation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

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Bresler, N. 2011 On Safari in Botswana: Describing the Product. Tourism Analysis 16:67-75.

Article   Google Scholar  

Sinclair, M. 1992 Tour Operators and Policies in Kenya. Annals of Tourism Research 19:555-558.

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Authors and affiliations.

Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Cnr. Notwane & Mabutho Rd., Gaborone, 00000, Botswana

Moren T. Stone

Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Shorobe Road, 00000, Maun, Botswana

Lesego S. Stone

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Correspondence to Moren T. Stone .

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University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, USA

Jafar Jafari

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

Honggen Xiao

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Stone, M.T., Stone, L.S. (2016). Safari. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_387

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_387

Published : 25 June 2016

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-319-01383-1

Online ISBN : 978-3-319-01384-8

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